In this book we, therefore, explain the theory behind animal breeding using single trait selection. In the rest of this chapter we will give you a brief history of animal breeding, starting from scratch so from domestication. You will see that developments in animal breeding have gone hand in hand with developments in society. Then we will look into the current situation and main challenges. And we will also try to peek into the future: what are the expected developments in society and how will that influence animal breeding decisions?
But first we will look back at how it all started: with domestication. Quick Search. Hit enter to search. Animal breeding. Expand all Collapse all.
A t tachments 0 Page History People who can view. Skip to end of banner. EU milk composition. UK and EU cow numbers. GB cull cow markets. UK producer numbers. UK milk yield. Estimated milk production costs. Promar Milkminder dairy costings. Kingshay dairy costings. Farm business income. UK processors data. UK product production. Retail markets. EU intervention stocks.
UK trade dashboard. UK dairy trade. UK dairy trade balance. Pork markets. UK pig facts and figures. Pork at a glance. GB deadweight pig prices EU spec. GB deadweight pig prices UK spec. EU deadweight pig prices. GB weaner prices. EU weaner prices. Pig to feed wheat price ratio. UK pig numbers and holdings. EU pig numbers. GB estimated pig slaughterings. UK pig meat marketing chain. UK pig meat outlook. EU pig slaughterings and production.
GB average carcase weight. GB average probe. Carcase classification. GB household pork purchases. Indoor breeding herd. Outdoor breeding herd. Rearing 7 - 35kg. Finishing 35 - kg. Rearing and finishing 7kg - kg. Cost of production in selected countries. Cost of production and net margins. Pig performance trends and COP sensitivity for feed and performance.
Pig meat trade. Potato markets. Weekly Average Price Survey. Free-buy prices. GB potato production. GB potato stocks. GB planted area. GB planted area by variety. GB planted area by region. GB planted area by sector. Potato Lifting Progress. Potato retail market. European market trends - potatoes. Potato trade. Potato market analysis. What can records be used for? Types of Records The major types of records which are all described below: 1.
Financial records 1. Identification Records An identification method should be cheap, not harming the animal,reliable to read at a distance of at least metres and by preference be permanent. Identification of the animals is of course not necessary if a farm has only one animal of a certain species, sex and age group. The latter is the most animal friendly, and can be done in practice by drawing e. Giving the animals names and keeping a table with the characteristics of the animal and link it to the name can work in many cases.
Intrusive methods of identification can be subdivided into 2 categories: permanent at the animal itself which affect the animals most when doing it and non-permanent. Breeding Records The importance of breeding records is to measure the productive efficiency of the herd and to enable selection. Production Records These records are useful in measuring the performance of the animals and the herd. Production records are kept of: Animal products like eggs per hen per week and milk per cow per day in combination with milk quality data, and of Animals which are slaughtered, in terms of for example weight, weaning age and weight, daily gain, production period, and how many animals e.
Feeding Records Feeding records give information about the amount, type and quality of the feed. The important feeding records are: Produced and available fodder on farm; quantity and if possible quality of the different feeds. Including content of energy, protein and minerals A feeding plan which tells how much feed is required per day per animal in different age groups grown-ups, newborn, pregnant the first time etc. Disease and treatment records Disease and treatment records are necessary to keep track of the disease events in which each animal is involved during its lifetime.
Financial Records The records of the costs and earnings related to the animal farming be kept for cash analysis and enterprise appraisal. Identification Records The needs are for an identification method that is cheap, not damaging to the animal and reliable at a distance of at least metres and by preference permanent.
Breeding Records The importance of breeding is to measure the productive efficiency of the herd and to enable culling and selection exercise to be carried out for breeding and genetic improvement. Production and breeding records will give the farmer direct profit but also indirect profit by using progeny tested bulls from Artificial Insemination AI stations. Progeny testing is only possible if production and breeding figures of daughters are available.
At the moment many farmers in Africa are importing semen of purebred and progeny tested bulls from Western Europe, North America, New Zealand, and Australia to improve the genetic ability of their cattle. This would have been impossible if those countries did not have a highly developed recording system. Breeding recording system would be a great help in selecting the bulls for the National AI services and would make imports of often very expensive semen superfluous.
Records however, are worth the most when they are used the most. For dairy industry, the important records are:. The records of the expenditure and revenue should be kept for cash analysis and enterprise appraisal. For example, is it profitable to feed concentrates, is it advisable to apply for a loan or credit to invest in a machinery or technology, is it more economic to raise the calves with whole or skimmed milk?
Record keeping for disease management Some important records for planned disease control include the following:. Record keeping for Pig production The prime objective of a pig farmer is to manage his farm in such a way that it is a continuing source of income.
Identification Systems. A means of animal identification is an essential part of any record-keeping system. The most common identification systems are ear notching, tattooing and ear tagging. Other identification systems include, naming, colour differences, ear shapes, however this is only applicable for small number of sows. Being able to identify the pigs is essential if records are to be kept and for managing the pigs accordingly.
As long as you do not have large numbers of pigs there is no problem recognizing them and no need to worry about marking them. However, when you have more pigs it is needful to introduce an identification system. All the animals should be marked when they are young. Notching involves cutting small pieces of skin out of the edges of the ears.
This is a very cheap method of marking using only a very sharp knife. The wounds made by the cutting should be disinfect ed with iodine. By having different patterns of the cuts, these can be used for the identification of pigs. As this method is hurting the animal we do not promote it. Investors who operate without records are likely to make wrong decisions. The best sources of information needed to advice on proper running of aquaculture investments are farm records.
Good records will, for example; Be useful in projection of expected production Be useful in determining the amount of inputs requirements for specific ponds at various stages of production Be useful determine the expected harvesting time Determine the financial health of the enterprise.
Examples of aquaculture records would include but not limited to the following:. Record keeping for Chicken production Management of poultry requires detailed records on a daily or weekly basis. It is important to spend some time each day observing your flock carefully.
In this way early signs of disease, malnutrition, or other problems may be detected and the necessary action taken. Record keeping for Camel production Why keep records?
Some worth keeping records, suggested recording interval and importance of the records. Disease Prevention Ticks, Wounds, Vaccination. Holistic disease management and veterinary treatment.
A calf life worth living. Animal nutrition and feed rations. Water for livestock. Drugs for livestock treatment. Tools for livestock care and treatment. Cattle new with animal welfare standards. Cattle breeds and Breeding.
Donkeys new, with animal welfare information. Chicken new, with animal welfare information. Camels new, with animal welfare information. Sheep new, with animal welfare information.
Fish farming new, with animal welfare information. Rabbits new with animal welfare information. Goats new with animal welfare information. Pigs new, with animal welfare information. Geese New with animal welfare information.
Mulberry Silkworm. Pets: Dogs new. Pets: Cats new. Diagnosis of Animal Diseases new. Assisting with birth in cattle, goats and sheep new. Birth and Reproduction complications new. Abortion and Stillbirth new. Brucellosis new.
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