Am J Sports Med ;30 02 The currently accepted model of the occurrence of medial rotation deficit proposes that posterior capsule contracture is the eliciting factor of the cascade of injuries that affect overhead athletes.
As tightness of the posterior capsule develops in the shoulder, the glenohumeral contact point is shifted toward the posterior and superior directions when the shoulder is in abduction and lateral rotation. The hyperangulation and hyperlateral rotation forces cause an overload of the rotator cuff leading to partial tears. Current Controversies. Point counterpoint. Arthroscopy ;15 08 The results presented in the present paper provide an unprecedented comparison between the shoulder motion parameters of asymptomatic squash players with those established for a large and diversified population of non-athletes.
Shoulder injuries in overhead athletes. The "dead arm" revisited. Scapular position and orientation in throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med ;33 02 The definition of normal physiological parameters established in the present investigation is not only important for the identification of motion anomalies, but also for the adoption of prophylactic measures that could prevent the aggravation of GIRD and associated lesions.
Such causes might be related to the existence of medial rotation deficit together with repetitive overload of the shoulder, conditions that can be treated through rehabilitation programs. Squash, similarly to other overhead sports, causes adaptive changes that trigger glenohumeral medial rotation deficit accompanied by significant lateral rotation gain and can generate pathogenic alterations in the shoulder. Abrir menu Brasil.
Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia. Abrir menu. Abstract Objective To compare the medial and lateral rotations of the shoulders and the distances between the coracoid process and the cubital fossa of non-athletic individuals to those of elite squash players.
Method The cross-sectional study was performed between March and August Conclusion Intensive squash practice causes adaptive changes that trigger glenohumeral medial rotation deficit, accompanied by significant lateral rotation gain, and can generate pathogenic alterations in the shoulder.
Keywords range of motion; shoulder joint; rotation. Introduction The shoulder is a complex joint that presents the widest range of motion if compared with any other joint in the body. Clin Orthop Relat Res ; Sports activities that rely extensively on overhead throwing skills, such as baseball, volleyball, tennis and squash, demand considerable shoulder mobility and stability from the players. Arthroscopy ;19 04 Loss of medial rotation and its consequences are associated with several factors, most particularly the time spent in practicing the sport.
Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! Connect with us. Term of the Day. Best of WorkplaceTesting weekly. News and Special Offers occasional. Medial Rotation. What Does Medial Rotation Mean? WorkplaceTesting Explains Medial Rotation Anatomical terms are used to divide the body into distinct sectors and identify motions about these sectors.
Synonyms Internal Rotation. Connect with us. Term of the Day. Best of WorkplaceTesting weekly. News and Special Offers occasional. Lateral Rotation.
What Does Lateral Rotation Mean? WorkplaceTesting Explains Lateral Rotation Lateral rotation describes the movement of a body part or muscle group away from the center of the body and around the longitudinal axis of a bone. Synonyms External Rotation. Share this Term. Subscribe to the Workplace Testing Newsletter Join thousands of employment testing and employee wellness professionals. Circumduction is the movement of the limb, hand, or fingers in a circular pattern, using the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction motions.
Adduction, abduction, and circumduction take place at the shoulder, hip, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints. Abduction and adduction motions occur within the coronal plane and involve medial-lateral motions of the limbs, fingers, toes, or thumb. Abduction moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body, while adduction is the opposing movement that brings the limb toward the body or across the midline. For example, abduction is raising the arm at the shoulder joint, moving it laterally away from the body, while adduction brings the arm down to the side of the body.
Similarly, abduction and adduction at the wrist moves the hand away from or toward the midline of the body. Spreading the fingers or toes apart is also abduction, while bringing the fingers or toes together is adduction. Adduction moves the thumb back to the anatomical position, next to the index finger. Abduction and adduction movements are seen at condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints see Figure 2. Circumduction is the movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle.
It involves the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction at a joint. This type of motion is found at biaxial condyloid and saddle joints, and at multiaxial ball-and-sockets joints see Figure 2.
Rotation can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint. Rotation of the neck or body is the twisting movement produced by the summation of the small rotational movements available between adjacent vertebrae. At a pivot joint, one bone rotates in relation to another bone.
This is a uniaxial joint, and thus rotation is the only motion allowed at a pivot joint. For example, at the atlantoaxial joint, the first cervical C1 vertebra atlas rotates around the dens, the upward projection from the second cervical C2 vertebra axis. This joint allows for the radius to rotate along its length during pronation and supination movements of the forearm.
Rotation can also occur at the ball-and-socket joints of the shoulder and hip. Here, the humerus and femur rotate around their long axis, which moves the anterior surface of the arm or thigh either toward or away from the midline of the body. Movement that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body is called medial internal rotation.
Conversely, rotation of the limb so that the anterior surface moves away from the midline is lateral external rotation see Figure 3. Be sure to distinguish medial and lateral rotation, which can only occur at the multiaxial shoulder and hip joints, from circumduction, which can occur at either biaxial or multiaxial joints. Turning of the head side to side or twisting of the body is rotation. Medial and lateral rotation of the upper limb at the shoulder or lower limb at the hip involves turning the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body medial or internal rotation or away from the midline lateral or external rotation.
Supination and pronation are movements of the forearm. In the anatomical position, the upper limb is held next to the body with the palm facing forward. This is the supinated position of the forearm. In this position, the radius and ulna are parallel to each other. When the palm of the hand faces backward, the forearm is in the pronated position , and the radius and ulna form an X-shape.
0コメント